Sambhaji Maharaj, the son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was one of the bravest warriors in Indian history. He fought relentlessly against the Mughal Empire led by Aurangzeb. However, in 1689, he was captured, brutally tortured, and executed on Aurangzeb’s orders. This article will explain how Aurangzeb killed Sambhaji Maharaj, based on real historical incidents.
Who Was Sambhaji Maharaj?
Sambhaji Maharaj was the second ruler of the Maratha Empire after his father, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. He was known for his military skills, intelligence, and fearless attitude. During his reign, he resisted the Mughal invasion and kept Aurangzeb’s forces engaged in battles for several years.
How Was Sambhaji Maharaj Captured?
Key Events Leading to His Capture:
- Maratha betrayal: Ganoji Shirke, a relative of Sambhaji Maharaj, revealed his location to the Mughals.
- Ambush by Mughals: The Mughal army, led by Muqarrab Khan, surrounded Sambhaji near Sangameshwar.
- Failed Escape Attempt: Sambhaji and his advisor, Kavi Kalash, were taken prisoner.
After his capture, he was taken to Aurangzeb’s court in Bahadurgarh.
Why Did Aurangzeb Kill Sambhaji Maharaj?
Aurangzeb wanted Sambhaji Maharaj to accept Mughal rule and convert to Islam. However, Sambhaji refused, showing immense courage. His defiance angered Aurangzeb, leading to his brutal execution.
Aurangzeb’s Demands:
- Accept Mughal authority
- Convert to Islam
Sambhaji’s Response:
- He refused to surrender.
- He chose death over conversion.
The Brutal Execution of Sambhaji Maharaj
On Aurangzeb’s orders, Sambhaji Maharaj was subjected to extreme torture before being executed on March 11, 1689.
Methods of Torture:
- His eyes were gouged out.
- His tongue was cut off.
- His body was mutilated piece by piece.
- Finally, he was beheaded and his body was cut into pieces.
This brutal act was meant to instill fear among the Marathas. However, it had the opposite effect, inspiring them to fight even harder against the Mughal Empire.
Impact of Sambhaji Maharaj’s Death
- The Marathas, instead of surrendering, continued their fight.
- His younger brother, Rajaram Maharaj, took charge and led the resistance.
- The Mughal Empire eventually declined, while the Marathas emerged stronger.
References
- Jadunath Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times
- Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanate to Mughals
- Grant Duff, A History of the Mahrattas
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Aurangzeb kill Sambhaji Maharaj?
Aurangzeb wanted to end the Maratha resistance and force Sambhaji Maharaj to accept Mughal rule. When he refused, Aurangzeb ordered his execution.
Where was Sambhaji Maharaj executed?
Sambhaji Maharaj was executed at Tulapur, near Pune.
How did the Marathas react to Sambhaji’s death?
The Marathas became even more determined to fight against the Mughal Empire. His death ignited stronger resistance.
Did Aurangzeb succeed in defeating the Marathas after Sambhaji’s death?
No, even after Sambhaji Maharaj’s death, the Marathas continued their war, eventually leading to the downfall of the Mughal Empire.
Who led the Marathas after Sambhaji Maharaj?
His younger brother, Rajaram Maharaj, took over the leadership and continued the resistance.
Conclusion
Aurangzeb’s brutal execution of Sambhaji Maharaj was one of the most tragic events in Indian history. However, instead of breaking the Maratha spirit, it strengthened their resolve. The Marathas continued their fight, eventually leading to the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Sambhaji Maharaj remains a symbol of courage, sacrifice, and unwavering devotion to his people. His story continues to inspire millions today.